Understanding the Link Between Chronic Diseases and Dementia in Jamaica

KINGSTON, Jamaica — As the sun rises over the vibrant streets of Kingston, the Ministry of Health and Wellness is stepping up its game to tackle non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Dr. Brian Kazaara, a psychiatrist at Bellevue Hospital, is ringing the alarm about a serious connection: chronic diseases and dementia.

Dr. Kazaara highlights that Jamaica is seeing a rise in dementia cases, largely due to our ageing population. But it’s not just age that plays a role. Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and strokes can wreak havoc on our brain’s blood vessels, leading to cognitive decline. “In Jamaica, we have very high rates of NCDs. If these conditions aren’t treated properly, they can worsen dementia or lower the quality of life for our older folks,” he explains.

The Silent Threat of NCDs

NCDs, such as diabetes, can lead to high blood sugar levels that damage blood vessels. Similarly, hypertension and high cholesterol restrict blood flow to the brain. This impaired blood supply can result in reduced brain function, increasing the risk of dementia. “It’s crucial to manage these conditions effectively,” Dr. Kazaara emphasizes.

But it’s not just about medical conditions. Lifestyle choices play a significant role too. Physical inactivity, smoking, and poor diet contribute to the risk of NCDs and, consequently, dementia. “We need to encourage healthier lifestyles,” he urges.

What is Dementia?

Dementia isn’t just one disease; it’s a term that covers a range of cognitive, behavioral, and personality changes. It primarily affects the elderly, leading to memory loss, confusion, and difficulty with familiar tasks. Imagine forgetting the names of loved ones or struggling to remember how to cook a favorite dish. These are common signs of dementia.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dementia is the seventh leading cause of death globally and a major contributor to disability among older adults. The impact is profound, affecting not just the individual but also their families and caregivers.

Daily Struggles

Dr. Kazaara, who also serves as the president of the Jamaica Psychiatric Association, explains that daily tasks become increasingly challenging for those with dementia. “They may struggle with memory, concentration, and even basic activities like bathing or cooking,” he says.

Some individuals may still manage these tasks with some difficulty, while others may require extensive support. This can place a heavy emotional and financial burden on families. “It’s a tough situation for everyone involved,” he adds.

Beyond NCDs: Other Risk Factors

While NCDs are significant contributors to dementia, other risk factors include advanced age, family history, and certain genetic mutations. As we navigate these challenges, it’s essential to recognize the broader picture.

A Community Call to Action

As Jamaica faces these pressing health issues, the community must come together. How can we support our elders and ensure they receive the care they need? What steps can we take to promote healthier lifestyles and reduce the prevalence of NCDs?

The conversation is just beginning, and it’s one that affects us all. Let’s keep talking, learning, and supporting each other as we tackle these challenges head-on.